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Alhambra is a city in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, located approximately 8 miles east of downtown Los Angeles, with a 2020 census population of 82,868 and incorporation date of July 11, 1903. The city was named after Washington Irving's "Tales of the Alhambra" by Bernardo Yorba's daughter Ruth, inspired by the Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain, and developed on land that became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War. Alhambra is promoted as a "city of homes" featuring 26 historic neighborhoods with architectural styles including craftsman, Spanish Mediterranean, and arts and crafts, with the earliest school being Ramona Convent Secondary School established in 1890. The main business district at Main and Garfield streets has served as a commerce center since 1895 and became an upscale destination by the 1950s, later developing a nationally recognized Chinese business hub on Valley Boulevard following waves of immigration from Italy, Mexico, and China in the 1950s-1980s. The city's cultural landmarks include the historic Garfield Theatre, which operated from 1925 to 2001 and was rumored to have featured a young Judy Garland during its vaudeville days. Los Angeles is the second-most populous city in the United States with 3.87 million residents within city limits as of 2025, and serves as the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Southern California within a metropolitan area of 12.9 million people. Located in the Los Angeles Basin adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and covering approximately 469 square miles, it is the county seat of Los Angeles County, the nation's most populous county with 9.86 million residents, and attracts over 3.6 million visitors annually as the third-most visited U.S. city. Originally inhabited by the Tongva people, Los Angeles was founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve, became part of Mexico in 1821, and was incorporated as a U.S. municipality on April 4, 1850, following the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The city experienced rapid growth after the discovery of oil in the 1890s and the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, establishing it as a major economic center. Los Angeles maintains a diverse economy anchored by film and television production, features one of the Americas' busiest container ports, boasts the world's largest collection of Frank Gehry-designed architecture, and generated a gross metropolitan product exceeding $1.295 trillion in 2024, ranking third globally behind New York and Tokyo, while hosting the Summer Olympics in 1932, 1984, and 2028. Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, located 10 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles, with a population of 138,699 at the 2020 census, making it the 45th-largest city in California and the ninth-largest in Los Angeles County. Incorporated on June 19, 1886, Pasadena is the most populous city and primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley, home to prestigious institutions including the California Institute of Technology, Art Center College of Design, the Norton Simon Museum, and Pasadena City College. The city is internationally recognized for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade on New Year's Day. Originally inhabited by the Hahamog-na tribe of the Tongva Nation for thousands of years, the area was colonized by Spain in the 1770s, became part of Mexican ranchos in 1833, and was settled by Anglo-Americans beginning in the 1850s after the Mexican-American War. The name "Pasadena," meaning "valley" in the Ojibwe language, was chosen by American colonists from Indiana, including Dr. Daniel M. Berry, who arrived in 1873 seeking a location with a mild climate for patients with respiratory ailments.